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Expand and strengthen America's copper supply chain from end to end.
Copper is now a designated critical mineral.
- Aug 2023
DOE Critical Materials List
Copper added to the Department of Energy critical materials list.
- Mar 2025
Executive Order 14241
Defense Production Act authorities invoked for domestic mineral production.
- Aug 2025
Section 232 Tariffs
50% national security tariff on semi-finished copper, effective August 1. Ores, concentrates, anode, cathode and scrap are excluded.
- Nov 2025
USGS Final 2025 List
Copper formally designated a critical mineral, which opens federal permitting and investment programs to copper projects.
- Dec 2025
Pax Silica Declaration
The State Department’s Pax Silica Declaration, signed in December 2025, states that growth across the global AI supply chain is "driving historic opportunity and demand for energy, critical minerals, manufacturing, technological hardware, infrastructure, and new markets not yet invented."
- Feb 2026
Project Vault and FORGE
A $12 billion facility, $10 billion of it through the Export-Import Bank, lets manufacturers pre-buy critical minerals at set prices. FORGE adds a U.S.-led trade framework with price floors.
- Feb 2026
U.S.–DRC Strategic Partnership
Allied critical-minerals cooperation anchored on the Lobito Corridor.
- Apr 2026
Section 232 Modified
A 10% rate for articles made from copper smelted and cast in the United States, the first federal measure that prices domestic smelting. The domestic-content threshold fell to 85% in June.
- Jun 2026
Refined Copper Decision Point
The July 2025 proclamation directed Commerce to report by 30 June 2026 so the President may decide whether to impose 15% on refined copper from January 2027 and 30% from January 2028. The report has not been published, and refined copper carries no rate.
- Authorized, not yet in force
Domestic Input Requirements
The July 2025 proclamation directs the Secretary of Commerce to implement domestic-sales requirements on U.S. copper input materials, starting at 25% in 2027 and rising to 30% in 2028 and 40% in 2029. Commerce has not issued an implementing rule.
Proclamations 10962 (Jul. 2025), 11021 (Apr. 2026) and 11032 (Jun. 2026), Federal Register · USGS, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 · U.S. Department of Energy · U.S. Department of State · Export-Import Bank of the United States